Instead of going into bankruptcy, everyone, including the States, was provided with the opportunity to use the new Federal Reserve Notes, called (incorrectly) “lawful money” grounded in perpetual debt of the “eligible paper” which formed the assets of the Federal Reserve and the National Banks, These are also known as “units of monetized debt”. paid off or become paid down for anything since that infamous day of June 5, 1933 when Roosevelt willfully and knowingly stole Our gold and gave it to a bunch of foreign bankers. (Lawfully, debts can only be paid with money – money as defined by the Law of the Land – The flirt4free Constitution – being gold and silver coin. Anything else is not lawful money and cannot therefore lawfully “pay a debt”.) Thus, overnight, We The People became liable for specific performance on the basis of a debt action of assumpsit under the private Laws Merchant, operating outside of the Constitution and imposing an Equitable jurisdiction. A jurisdiction in which no one has any rights, where one can be compelled summarily to deliver his property without trial by Common Law jury. And the debts to the private bankers keep mounting ever higher.
Admiralty and you will coastal jurisdiction comprises two types of cases: (1) people involving serves enough time toward large seas or other navigable oceans, and you may (2) those people
A great freeborn, Sovereign Western personal cannot be pushed with the continuous debtorship and involuntary servitude, that’s, feudalistic performance on the behalf of, and also for the advantage of, individuals, actual or juristic, up against their Thirteenth Blog post regarding Amendments on Structure of the United states of america. Neither is also He getting compelled, for legal reasons, to just accept, or even provide informed consent to accept, a fair jurisdiction international so you’re able to his Bill off Liberties.
At the beginning away from authorities under the Constitution , Congress conferred towards the federal section courts personal cognizance “of all municipal reasons for admiralty and you can maritime jurisdiction, . . . . . . ; preserving in order to suitors, in most instances, suitable away from a familiar Legislation option, where Common law is actually capable to provide it with;. . .” (1 STAT 77, Section nine (1789))
Put simply, next sorts of case must have a primary experience of coastal business
Because this jurisdiction was kept becoming private, the efficacy of legislation for a passing fancy topic have to always getting about national legislature rather than in the county legislatures.
Congress enacted the Limited Liability Act on March 3, 1851. It is codified at Title 46, United States Code, Sections 181-189, as amended in 1875, 1877, 1935, 1936 and the Act of 1884. It intended to cover the entire subject of limitations, and to invest the U. S. District Courts with exclusive original cognizance of all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, exclusive of the States. This means that the States do not have any jurisdiction in admiralty and maritime matters, anyway.
Suits in admiralty traditionally took the form of a proceeding into the rem against the vessel, and, with exceptions to be noted, such proceedings from inside the rem are confined exclusively to federal admiralty courts, because the grant of exclusive jurisdiction to the federal courts by the Judiciary Act of 1789 has been interpreted as referring to the traditional admiralty action, the inside rem action, that has been unknown towards the Common law.
State courts are forbidden by the Constitution to have Admiralty jurisdiction. While State courts are permitted to manage and check out Admiralty cases if the suitor desires, it ought to be an Admiralty count before everything else and it must involve property, otherwise there would not be a Common Law remedy. In other words, the Common Law courts would not be competent to handle it. More than this, it would need to be tried in a Common Law court, following Common Law procedures (not Equity procedures) with a Trial by a Common Law jury.